domingo, 15 de abril de 2018
REPORTED / INDIRECT SPEECH
1.- Definición
El Reported o Indirect Speech, se centra en el contenido del mensaje emitido por una persona pero, en ocasiones cambiada al pasado del mismo.
2.- Formas
Para hacer el cambio, sólo debemos tener en cuenta el tiempo verbal del mensaje. De esta manera, la cambiaremos de manera acertada.
En la tabla siguiente, les mostramos como:
DIRECT INDIRECT/REPORTED
- Present Simple - Past Simple
- Present Continuous - Past Continuous
- Present Perfect Simple - Past Perfect Simple
- Present Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
- Past Simple - Past Perfect Simple
- Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
- Future Will - Would
- Past Perfect Simple - Past Perfect Simple
NOTA.- Para acertar siempre, tenemos que buscar la forma anterior o pasado del tiempo verbal.
El último NO se cambia por ser el último tiempo verbal pasado.
3.- Ejemplos
- John : I work in an office. (Present Simple)
John said that he worked in an office. (Past Simple)
- John : I'm working in an office. (Present Continuous)
John said that he was working in an office. (Past Continuous)
- John : I have worked in an office. (Present Perfect Simple)
John said that he had worked in an office. (Past Perfect Simple)
- John : I will work in an office. (Future Will)
John said that he would work in an office. (Would)
- John : I had worked in an office. (Past Perfect Simple)
John said that he had worked in an office. (Past Perfect Simple)
4.- If
En preguntas con verbos auxiliares (Yes/No Questions), se utiliza "If" o "Whether", aunque la primera es más común.
Ejemplos :
- Are you at home?
He asked me if I was at home.
- Did you arrive yesterday?
She asked me if I had arrived yesterday.
NOTA.- En este caso también tenemos que utilizar el tiempo verbal anterior al utilizado por el emisor.
5.- Modal Verbs
Los Modal Verbs, como los tiempos verbales, también sufren cambios.
DIRECT INDIRECT
- Can Could
- May Might (Posibilidad) / Could (Permiso)
- Shall Would
- Must Must / Had to (Obligación)
NOTA.- "Could", "Should", "Would", "Might" y "Need", NO cambian desde el directo al indirecto.
6.- Sin Cambios
a) Cuando el mensaje es un hecho real, verdadero o que aún no ha sucedido.
- "My brother works for a big company".
He told me that his brother works for a big company. (Hecho real o verdadero.)
- "I'm getting married next month". (Aún no ha sucedido.)
She told me that she's getting married next month.
b) Cuando se trata de órdenes.
- Teacher : Sit down!
The teacher told us to sit down.
- Sign : "Not enter".
The sign warned us not to enter.
6.- Adverbs, Demonstratives and Adverbial Expressions
DIRECT INDIRECT
- This That
- These Those
- Now Then
- Here There
- Yesterday The day before
- Tomorrow The following day
- Now At the moment
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