Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta reported. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta reported. Mostrar todas las entradas
domingo, 15 de abril de 2018
REPORTED / INDIRECT SPEECH
1.- Definición
El Reported o Indirect Speech, se centra en el contenido del mensaje emitido por una persona pero, en ocasiones cambiada al pasado del mismo.
2.- Formas
Para hacer el cambio, sólo debemos tener en cuenta el tiempo verbal del mensaje. De esta manera, la cambiaremos de manera acertada.
En la tabla siguiente, les mostramos como:
DIRECT INDIRECT/REPORTED
- Present Simple - Past Simple
- Present Continuous - Past Continuous
- Present Perfect Simple - Past Perfect Simple
- Present Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
- Past Simple - Past Perfect Simple
- Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
- Future Will - Would
- Past Perfect Simple - Past Perfect Simple
NOTA.- Para acertar siempre, tenemos que buscar la forma anterior o pasado del tiempo verbal.
El último NO se cambia por ser el último tiempo verbal pasado.
3.- Ejemplos
- John : I work in an office. (Present Simple)
John said that he worked in an office. (Past Simple)
- John : I'm working in an office. (Present Continuous)
John said that he was working in an office. (Past Continuous)
- John : I have worked in an office. (Present Perfect Simple)
John said that he had worked in an office. (Past Perfect Simple)
- John : I will work in an office. (Future Will)
John said that he would work in an office. (Would)
- John : I had worked in an office. (Past Perfect Simple)
John said that he had worked in an office. (Past Perfect Simple)
4.- If
En preguntas con verbos auxiliares (Yes/No Questions), se utiliza "If" o "Whether", aunque la primera es más común.
Ejemplos :
- Are you at home?
He asked me if I was at home.
- Did you arrive yesterday?
She asked me if I had arrived yesterday.
NOTA.- En este caso también tenemos que utilizar el tiempo verbal anterior al utilizado por el emisor.
5.- Modal Verbs
Los Modal Verbs, como los tiempos verbales, también sufren cambios.
DIRECT INDIRECT
- Can Could
- May Might (Posibilidad) / Could (Permiso)
- Shall Would
- Must Must / Had to (Obligación)
NOTA.- "Could", "Should", "Would", "Might" y "Need", NO cambian desde el directo al indirecto.
6.- Sin Cambios
a) Cuando el mensaje es un hecho real, verdadero o que aún no ha sucedido.
- "My brother works for a big company".
He told me that his brother works for a big company. (Hecho real o verdadero.)
- "I'm getting married next month". (Aún no ha sucedido.)
She told me that she's getting married next month.
b) Cuando se trata de órdenes.
- Teacher : Sit down!
The teacher told us to sit down.
- Sign : "Not enter".
The sign warned us not to enter.
6.- Adverbs, Demonstratives and Adverbial Expressions
DIRECT INDIRECT
- This That
- These Those
- Now Then
- Here There
- Yesterday The day before
- Tomorrow The following day
- Now At the moment
domingo, 18 de septiembre de 2016
ADVANCED TEST 4
1.- Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun. Omit them when they are not necessary.
a) Michael, ___ will be 20 years old next week, is very good at playing football.
b) My uncle's house, ___ was rebuilt only five years ago, is for sale now.
c) The programme ___ we watched on TV last night was very interesting.
d) A man ___ children go to the same school as ours has bought our house.
e) The town ___ I was born is full of tourists in the summer.
f) The boys ___ we played football with, were older than us.
2.- Complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence.
a) I was allowed in the Disco because I'm over 18 years old.
___ 18 years old, I was allowed in the Disco.
b) I put on my coat because it was cold.
It was cold, ___ my coat.
c) It's three weeks since I last saw her.
I haven't ___ three weeks.
d) Although he was a famous actor, he didn't want to live in Hollywood.
Despite ___, he didn't want to live in Hollywood.
e) I'm going to study hard because I want to get a grant.
I'm going to study hard in ___ a grant.
f) The exam was so difficult that nobody passed.
It was ___ exam that nobody passed.
g) I wasn't able to read the book in one day because it was very long.
The book was too ___ in one day.
3.- Complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence. You must include the words in CAPITALS.
a) We didn't know they were coming so we didn't wait for them. HAD
b) "I don't want to go to the cinema tonight", Charles said. THAT
c) "What did you do last week", Mary asked me. THE WEEK BEFORE
d) My father said "Don't be late". TOLD
e) James asked us "Do you know what the weather will be like tomorrow?" IF
f) We haven't got much money. IF ONLY
g) I didn't study, so I failed the exam. Now I'm sorry. WISH
4.- Complete the sentences by putting a verb in the correct form in each gap.
a) After the old man retired, his daughter ___ over the company.
b) Do you think this sweater will ___ with dark trousers?
c) How do you ___ on with your in-laws? Do you like them Do they like you?
d) I don't think I can ___ up with his behaviour any longer. He's unbearable!
e) She'll have to ___ over the fact that her husband has left her.
f) The bomb ___ off at eight o'clock yesterday morning.
g) Their car ___ down in the middle of nowhere and they couldn't find a garage.
h) We're going to have to ___ on using the same car for a few years. We can't afford a replacement.
i) Well, if you don't like it, you can always ___ it back to the shop.
j) While I was doing the shopping, I ___ across an old friend from school.
5.- Fill each gap with one of these words.
after, down, of, out, up, away, into, on (x3), over.
a) He really takes ___ his uncle. They have the same hair and the same character.
b) Hold ___ a minute! I'll be right back.
c) It is certainly a good offer, but I'll have to think it ___ for a few days.
d) It was raining so hard that the concert was called ___.
e) My cousin can never understand films. I have to keep explaining to her what is going ___.
f) She is trying to cut ___ ___ the number of cigarettes she smokes each day.
g) The police are looking ___ the case at the moment.
h) Two prisoners ran ___ during the festival.
i) We finally managed to put ___ the fire at three in the morning.
j) When you grow ___, you'll be able to drive your own car.
a) Michael, ___ will be 20 years old next week, is very good at playing football.
b) My uncle's house, ___ was rebuilt only five years ago, is for sale now.
c) The programme ___ we watched on TV last night was very interesting.
d) A man ___ children go to the same school as ours has bought our house.
e) The town ___ I was born is full of tourists in the summer.
f) The boys ___ we played football with, were older than us.
2.- Complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence.
a) I was allowed in the Disco because I'm over 18 years old.
___ 18 years old, I was allowed in the Disco.
b) I put on my coat because it was cold.
It was cold, ___ my coat.
c) It's three weeks since I last saw her.
I haven't ___ three weeks.
d) Although he was a famous actor, he didn't want to live in Hollywood.
Despite ___, he didn't want to live in Hollywood.
e) I'm going to study hard because I want to get a grant.
I'm going to study hard in ___ a grant.
f) The exam was so difficult that nobody passed.
It was ___ exam that nobody passed.
g) I wasn't able to read the book in one day because it was very long.
The book was too ___ in one day.
3.- Complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence. You must include the words in CAPITALS.
a) We didn't know they were coming so we didn't wait for them. HAD
b) "I don't want to go to the cinema tonight", Charles said. THAT
c) "What did you do last week", Mary asked me. THE WEEK BEFORE
d) My father said "Don't be late". TOLD
e) James asked us "Do you know what the weather will be like tomorrow?" IF
f) We haven't got much money. IF ONLY
g) I didn't study, so I failed the exam. Now I'm sorry. WISH
4.- Complete the sentences by putting a verb in the correct form in each gap.
a) After the old man retired, his daughter ___ over the company.
b) Do you think this sweater will ___ with dark trousers?
c) How do you ___ on with your in-laws? Do you like them Do they like you?
d) I don't think I can ___ up with his behaviour any longer. He's unbearable!
e) She'll have to ___ over the fact that her husband has left her.
f) The bomb ___ off at eight o'clock yesterday morning.
g) Their car ___ down in the middle of nowhere and they couldn't find a garage.
h) We're going to have to ___ on using the same car for a few years. We can't afford a replacement.
i) Well, if you don't like it, you can always ___ it back to the shop.
j) While I was doing the shopping, I ___ across an old friend from school.
5.- Fill each gap with one of these words.
after, down, of, out, up, away, into, on (x3), over.
a) He really takes ___ his uncle. They have the same hair and the same character.
b) Hold ___ a minute! I'll be right back.
c) It is certainly a good offer, but I'll have to think it ___ for a few days.
d) It was raining so hard that the concert was called ___.
e) My cousin can never understand films. I have to keep explaining to her what is going ___.
f) She is trying to cut ___ ___ the number of cigarettes she smokes each day.
g) The police are looking ___ the case at the moment.
h) Two prisoners ran ___ during the festival.
i) We finally managed to put ___ the fire at three in the morning.
j) When you grow ___, you'll be able to drive your own car.
domingo, 5 de julio de 2015
INTERMEDIATE TEST (3)
1.- Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
a) I had bought / bought the wine when they called me. I didn't know they wanted wine !
b) I had bought / bought the wine when they called me. So, I told them we didn't need any more.
c) I haven't talked to him since / for a long time.
d) They are learning English to please / for pleasing their parents.
e) This is a machine for milking / milks cows.
f) A waiter is a person what / who works in a restaurant.
g) This is the cinema which / where I saw my first film.
h) This is the student whose / that mother wanted to talk to you.
i) I will / would call you if I needed your help.
j) He said / told me that he wasn't angry.
k) You are such / so nice children !
l) It was such a / so big sandwich that we couldn't eat it all.
m) It was such a / so incredible person !
n) I would like going / to go on a holiday before the summer.
o) They'd enjoy playing / to play with their causins.
p) You need to take / make an exam at the end of the year.
q) Have you got central heatting / heating?
r) He referred / refered to his last visit to Mexico.
2.- Complete the sentences with When, As Soon As, While.
a) ___ they arrived in their room, they took off their shoes.
b) They had breakfast ___ they were waiting for the taxi.
c) I really don't care what shoes you buy. I will look in the sports department ___ you try on the last three pairs.
d) Come and find me ___ you finish.
e) She phoned her family _ she knew the results of the test.
3.- Use the cues to make complete sentences.
a) When / she / arrive / home / he / already / leave
b) I / call / you / before / plane / leave
c) A vet / person / look after / animals
d) This / is / place / we / said / we / going to / meet
e) They / want / money / buy / new house
4.- In each case, complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence. Write ONE word in each gap.
a) They killed him because they wanted to steal his money.
They killed him ___ ___ his money
b) "When do you finish work?", he said.
He wanted to know when ___ ___ ___.
c) You don't love her because you don't want her to be happy.
If you ___ ___ ___ ___ __ her to be happy.
d) "Don't take my car", he said.
He told me ___ ___ ___ his car.
e) "We'll see you tomorrow", they said.
They said ___ ___ ___ ___ us next week.
f) "Put the suitcase in the car", she asked me.
She told ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in the car.
g) They are such cute babies !
These babies ___ ___ cute !
5.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
Get Up - Give Up - Go Down - Look After - Look For - Look Forward To
a) We usually ___ at ten at the weekends.
b) I'm ___ a new pair of shoes for the party.
c) He doesn't smoke anymore. He ___ two months ago.
d) I am really ___ seen you again.
e) Our neighbours ___ our fish when we go on holiday.
f) The price of petrol is finally ___.
6.- Complete the text by putting one word in each gap.
I was sitting in the living-room ___ I heard a strange noise upstairs. I was alone in the house, so I knew it wasn't the children. I ___ off the TV and went ___ the stairs. ___ I entered my bedroom, I noticed that something was wrong. The floor was ___ cold ! I switched ___ the lights __ check that the windows were closed. Then I saw ___ there was water on the floor. ___ strange ! Finally, I heard a meow. It was Fuzzy, the cat. It ___ always doing this kind of things. Once he _y favourite vase and I was tempted to kick ___ out of the house. But, of course, I ___.
a) I had bought / bought the wine when they called me. I didn't know they wanted wine !
b) I had bought / bought the wine when they called me. So, I told them we didn't need any more.
c) I haven't talked to him since / for a long time.
d) They are learning English to please / for pleasing their parents.
e) This is a machine for milking / milks cows.
f) A waiter is a person what / who works in a restaurant.
g) This is the cinema which / where I saw my first film.
h) This is the student whose / that mother wanted to talk to you.
i) I will / would call you if I needed your help.
j) He said / told me that he wasn't angry.
k) You are such / so nice children !
l) It was such a / so big sandwich that we couldn't eat it all.
m) It was such a / so incredible person !
n) I would like going / to go on a holiday before the summer.
o) They'd enjoy playing / to play with their causins.
p) You need to take / make an exam at the end of the year.
q) Have you got central heatting / heating?
r) He referred / refered to his last visit to Mexico.
2.- Complete the sentences with When, As Soon As, While.
a) ___ they arrived in their room, they took off their shoes.
b) They had breakfast ___ they were waiting for the taxi.
c) I really don't care what shoes you buy. I will look in the sports department ___ you try on the last three pairs.
d) Come and find me ___ you finish.
e) She phoned her family _ she knew the results of the test.
3.- Use the cues to make complete sentences.
a) When / she / arrive / home / he / already / leave
b) I / call / you / before / plane / leave
c) A vet / person / look after / animals
d) This / is / place / we / said / we / going to / meet
e) They / want / money / buy / new house
4.- In each case, complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence. Write ONE word in each gap.
a) They killed him because they wanted to steal his money.
They killed him ___ ___ his money
b) "When do you finish work?", he said.
He wanted to know when ___ ___ ___.
c) You don't love her because you don't want her to be happy.
If you ___ ___ ___ ___ __ her to be happy.
d) "Don't take my car", he said.
He told me ___ ___ ___ his car.
e) "We'll see you tomorrow", they said.
They said ___ ___ ___ ___ us next week.
f) "Put the suitcase in the car", she asked me.
She told ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in the car.
g) They are such cute babies !
These babies ___ ___ cute !
5.- Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
Get Up - Give Up - Go Down - Look After - Look For - Look Forward To
a) We usually ___ at ten at the weekends.
b) I'm ___ a new pair of shoes for the party.
c) He doesn't smoke anymore. He ___ two months ago.
d) I am really ___ seen you again.
e) Our neighbours ___ our fish when we go on holiday.
f) The price of petrol is finally ___.
6.- Complete the text by putting one word in each gap.
I was sitting in the living-room ___ I heard a strange noise upstairs. I was alone in the house, so I knew it wasn't the children. I ___ off the TV and went ___ the stairs. ___ I entered my bedroom, I noticed that something was wrong. The floor was ___ cold ! I switched ___ the lights __ check that the windows were closed. Then I saw ___ there was water on the floor. ___ strange ! Finally, I heard a meow. It was Fuzzy, the cat. It ___ always doing this kind of things. Once he _y favourite vase and I was tempted to kick ___ out of the house. But, of course, I ___.
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