Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta pronoun. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta pronoun. Mostrar todas las entradas

lunes, 2 de septiembre de 2024

SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS TEST



En este pequeño test, nos centramos en estos dos tipos de pronombres.

En las siguientes frases se debe elegir la opción correcta. Siga el ejemplo.

EJEMPLO:

* ___ telephoned yesterday. (She/Her)

* I called ___. (he/him)


1.- Hasn't ___ arrived yet? (she/her)

2.- ___ don't understand. (I/Me)

3.- Are you talking to ___? (I/me)

4.- Don't ask ___ because ___ doesn't know. (she-her/her_she)

5.- John saw ___. (she/her)

6.- Nobody told ___ the bus was leaving. (they/them)

7.- Why didn't Tom ask ___ to come to the party? (she/her)

8.- Please, don't ask ___. (I/me)

9.- Marc thinks ___ doesn't like chocolate. (she/her)

10.- Mary invited ___. (they/them)



domingo, 30 de mayo de 2021

APOSTROPHE ( ' )

 

El apóstrofo ( ' ) suele generar confusión. En esta nueva publicación, enumeramos su uso.

1.- Contracciones

Las contracciones se dan al unir dos palabras.

Ejemplo:

a) Pronombres + Verbos Auxiliares (Afirmativo)

- 'm = I + am = I'm

- 're = You, We, They + are = You're, We're. They're

- 's = He, She, It + is / has = He's, She's, It's

- 've = You, We, They + have = You've, We've, They've ("ve" = "f" suave)

- 'll = Personal Pronoun + will = I'll, You'll, He'll, She'll, It'll, We'll, They'll

- 'd = Personal Pronoun + had / would = I'd, You'd, He'd, She'd, It'd, We'd, They'd

b) Pronombres + Verbos Auxiliares  y Verbos Modales (Negativo)

- aren't = are + not

- isn't = is + not

- wasn't = was + not

- weren't = were + not

- don't = do + not

- doesn't = does + not

- didn't = did + not

- haven't = have + not

- hasn't = has + not

- can't = can + not

- couldn't = could + not

- mayn't = may + not

- mightn't = might + not

- shan't = shall + not

- shouldn't = should + not

- won't = will + not

- mustn't = must + not

- oughtn't = ought + not


2.- El Posesivo

a) Personas

Una de las formas del posesivo es con el apóstrofo. Este se utiliza generalmente entre personas. En algunos casos se usa entre cosas.

- John's father is an engineer. (El padre de John)

- The children went to McDonald's restaurant. (McDonald es nombre propio)

Excepciones:

- A month's salary = El sueldo / salario de un mes.

- Yesterday's party = La fiesta de ayer.

* Pero:

- The house's walls.

- The walls of the house.

En plurales o acabados en "s", se coloca el apostrofo sobre esta.

- The girls' bedroom. = La habitación de las chicas.

- Achilles' heel = El talón de Aquiles.

b) Omisión de la Posesión

En la forma coloquial, a menudo se omiten los objetos de posesión.

- I went to the hairdresser's salon. = I went to the hairdresser's

- He needs to go to the doctor's clinic. = He needs to go to the doctor's.

Nota: En este último ejemplo, se puede eliminar el apóstrofo.


3.- La Hora

Algunas expresiones en este apartado son:

- O'clock = En punto ("O" proviene de "of the")

- An hour's work = El trabajo de una hora.

- A ten minutes' walk = Una caminata de 10 minutos / A 10 minutos de camino.


4.- Errores 

Algunos de los más comunes son:

- Its en lugar de It's.

El primero es el posesivo (su) de It. El segundo puede ser la combinación de It + is o It + has.

- cann't en lugar de can't.

Debe ser escrito con solo una "n".

- Their por They're.

Aunque ambas suenan igual, son de uso diferente. El primero es la forma posesiva de "They" y el segundo es la contracción They + are.

- Your por You're.

Aquí pasa como en el ejemplo anterior: ambas suenan igual. Pero su uso es diferente uno del otro. Mientras el primero es el posesivo de "You" el segundo es la contracción de You + are.


5.- Pronunciación

Hay que tener cuidado con la pronunciación, sobre todo cuando hablamos de negativos.

Nota: Ejemplos con pronunciación figurada.

- aren't = á(r)nt

En inglés británico, la "r" suele desaparecer o sonar muy suave en algunas palabras. En inglés americano la "r" en cambio, suele ser  muy marcada. Una forma de acertar es por la pronunciación de "are" de forma británica o americana y a esta, agregar "n't".

- isn't = íznt

A veces se suele decir "ísent", pero, la "e" no debería aparecer.

- doesn't = dáznt

Como con el verbo "To Be", se suele agregar la vocal "e" para sonar "dázent". La segunda "e" no forma parte de la palabra ni de la pronunciación.

- didn't = dídnt

El pasado de "Do" también sufre el agregado de "e". Suena como "dídent" aunque no es correcto.

- haven't = jáfnt

- hasn't = jáznt

La "e" vuelve a aparecer en este auxiliar. Aunque en el primero está a la vista, debemos guiarnos por como suena este verbo en afirmativo (have, has) y luego agregar "nt".

- shouldn't = shúdnt

Este verbo auxiliar suele pronunciarse como "shúldent". Pero, si nos basamos en la pronunciación de "should", sabremos que la "l" es muda o no suena. Además, hay que evitar colocar la "e" luego de la "d".

- mustn't = máznt

Finalmente, tenemos el verbo que indica obligación. Pero aquí tampoco debe estar la "e" antes de "nt".





domingo, 16 de junio de 2019

FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE


El uso del lenguaje formal e informal es el tema que tratamos a continuación. Es importante tenerlos en cuenta para una mejor comunicación.

1.- Contraction

La manera informal se diferencia de la formal en este caso por la contracción del verbo auxiliar con el sujeto.

- He has decided to quit the job. (Formal)

- He's decided to quit the job. (Informal)

NOTA.- Suele suceder tanto en la forma hablada como escrita. Para esta última, debemos diferenciar entre -por ejemplo- una carta formal y una informal.


2.- Relative Pronoun

Cuando eliminamos el Relative Pronoun de una frase con Relative Clause, cambiamos la frase de formal a informal.

- The man whom I met in Germany was interested in working with us. (Formal)

- The man I met in Germany was interested in working with us. (Informal)


3.- Ellipsis

Esto se da con mayor frecuencia en la forma escrita.

- We went to Australia for the weekend. (Formal)

- Went to Australia for the weekend. (Informal)


4.- Long vs. Short Words

En el lenguaje formal, se suelen utilizar palabras más largas pero con el mismo significado que en la manera informal.

- Commence (Formal)

- Start (Informal)

- Terminate (Formal)

- End (Informal)

- Endeavour (Formal)

- Try (Informal)


5.- Modal Verbs

El uso de Modal Verbs hace que la frase sea formal o muy formal.

- Can (Formal / Informal)

- May (Formal)

- Might (More Formal)



domingo, 30 de abril de 2017

YOUNG TURKS - ROD STEWART

1.- History

Rod Stewart inició su carrera musical como vocalista en 1964. Fue integrante de diversos grupos británicos como The Jeff Beck Group y The Small Faces.

http://the-music-history.blogspot.com.es/2012/04/singer-songwriters-cantautores.html


2.- Lyrics

Billy left his home
with a dollar in his pocket
and a head
full of dreams

He said
"Somehow, someway
It's gotta get
better than this".

Patti packed her bags
left a note
for her mamma
she was just 17

There were tears
in her eyes
when she kissed
her litte sister goodbye

They held
each other tight
as they drove on
through the night
they were so excited

We got but one
shot at life
Let's take it
while we're still not afraid
because life is so brief
and time is a thief
when you're undecided
and like a fistful of sand
it can slip right
through your hands


a) Young hearts
be free tonight
time is on your side
Don't let them
put you down
Don't let them
push you around
Don't let them
ever change
your point of view


Paradise was closed
so they headed
for the coast
in a blissful manner
They took
a two room apartment
that was jumping
every night of the week

Happiness was found
in each other's arms
as expected
Billy pierced his ears
drove a pickup
like a lunatic

(Repeat a)

Billy wrote a letter
back home
to Patti's parents
trying to explain

He said
"we're both real sorry
that it had to turn out
this way

But there ain't
no point in talking
when there's
nobody listening
so, we just ran away
Patti gave birth
to a ten pound
baby boy".

Young hearts
be free tonight
time is on your side ....


3.- Vocabulary

- Pocket = Bolsillo
- Somehow = De algún modo
- Someway = De alguna manera
- Gotta = Get to
- Pack = Empacar
- Hold tight = Coger / Agarrar fuertemente.
- Drive on = Conducir sin parar.
- Thief = Ladrón/a
- Fistful = Puñado
- Slip = Deslizarse, resbalar, escurrir
- Put down = Humillar, despreciar
- Push around = Abusar
- To Head = Dirigir(se)
- Blissful = Feliz
- To Pierce = Ponerse un arete.
- Pickup (van) = Camioneta
- Turn out = Resultar
- Run away = Escapar, huir
- To give birth = Dar a luz


4.- Grammar

a) Past Simple

S + Verb (past) + Compl.

- Billy left his home.
- Patti packed her bags.
- Paradise was closed.

b) Possessive Adjectives

Ellos son : My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their.

- His home
- Her bags

c) When - Clause

Recordemos que se trata de la misma que usamos para preguntar por un momento. Se utilizan para unir dos frases.

- When = Cuando (Sin acento)

- There were tears in her eyes when she kissed her litte sister goodbye.

Otras son : Where, Why, Who, What. A menudo se suele utilizar "That", aunque lo más correcto es utilizar el que corresponda.

d) So

Tiene varios usos.

- Tan, tanto, muy

They were so excited.

Life is so brief.

- Así que, por eso

So, we just run away.

e) Ain't

En anteriores canciones hemos hablado sobre esta ¿palabra?
Gramaticalmente NO existe. Se suele utilizar en canciones como variación de : Am / is / are not, y Have / has not.

There ain't no point.


5.- Videoclip





domingo, 18 de septiembre de 2016

ADVANCED TEST 4

1.- Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun. Omit them when they are not necessary.

a) Michael, ___ will be 20 years old next week, is very good at playing football.

b) My uncle's house, ___ was rebuilt only five years ago, is for sale now.

c) The programme ___ we watched on TV last night was very interesting.

d) A man ___ children go to the same school as ours has bought our house.

e) The town ___ I was born is full of tourists in the summer.

f) The boys ___ we played football with, were older than us.


2.- Complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence.

a) I was allowed in the Disco because I'm over 18 years old.
    ___ 18 years old, I was allowed in the Disco.

b) I put on my coat because it was cold.
    It was cold, ___ my coat.

c) It's three weeks since I last saw her.
    I haven't ___ three weeks.

d) Although he was a famous actor, he didn't want to live in Hollywood.
     Despite ___, he didn't want to live in Hollywood.

e) I'm going to study hard because I want to get a grant.
    I'm going to study hard in ___ a grant.

f) The exam was so difficult that nobody passed.
    It was ___ exam that nobody passed.

g) I wasn't able to read the book in one day because it was very long.
    The book was too ___ in one day.


3.- Complete the second sentence so that it retains the same meaning as the first sentence. You must include the words in CAPITALS.

a) We didn't know they were coming so we didn't wait for them. HAD

b) "I don't want to go to the cinema tonight", Charles said. THAT

c) "What did you do last week", Mary asked me. THE WEEK BEFORE

d) My father said "Don't be late". TOLD

e) James asked us "Do you know what the weather will be like tomorrow?" IF

f) We haven't got much money. IF ONLY

g) I didn't study, so I failed the exam. Now I'm sorry. WISH


4.- Complete the sentences by putting a verb in the correct form in each gap.

a) After the old man retired, his daughter ___ over the company.

b) Do you think this sweater will ___ with dark trousers?

c) How do you ___ on with your in-laws? Do you like them Do they like you?

d) I don't think I can ___ up with his behaviour any longer. He's unbearable!

e) She'll have to ___ over the fact that her husband has left her.

f) The bomb ___ off at eight o'clock yesterday morning.

g) Their car ___ down in the middle of nowhere and they couldn't find a garage.

h) We're going to have to ___ on using the same car for a few years. We can't afford a replacement.

i) Well, if you don't like it, you can always ___ it back to the shop.

j) While I was doing the shopping, I ___ across an old friend from school.


5.- Fill each gap with one of these words.

after, down, of, out, up, away, into, on (x3), over.

a) He really takes ___ his uncle. They have the same hair and the same character.

b) Hold ___ a minute! I'll be right back.

c) It is certainly a good offer, but I'll have to think it ___ for a few days.

d) It was raining so hard that the concert was called ___.

e) My cousin can never understand films. I have to keep explaining to her what is going ___.

f) She is trying to cut ___ ___ the number of cigarettes she smokes each day.

g) The police are looking ___ the case at the moment.

h) Two prisoners ran ___ during the festival.

i) We finally managed to put ___ the fire at three in the morning.

j) When you grow ___, you'll be able to drive your own car.



domingo, 24 de enero de 2016

LAS 100 PALABRAS MÁS COMUNES EN INGLÉS

Meses atrás, Oxford hizo una lista de las 100 palabras en inglés, más usadas en todo el mundo. La lista es ésta.





































Nosotros lo hemos dividido para un mejor análisis y mayor comprensión.

I.- VERBOS

A.- Verbos Auxiliares

a) Be = Ser, estar

Recordemos la conjugación de este verbo

I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are

b) Have

Se conjuga igual que como verbo principal. Aunque su significado (Tener) cambia a "Haber". Se diferencia también porque sirve como verbo auxiliar para los TIEMPOS PERFECTOS.

I have
You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have

c) Do

Es importante saber que como verbo auxiliar, NO tiene significado alguno. Pero, como verbo principal, significa "Hacer".

I do
You do
He does
She does
It does
We do
You do
They do

B.- Modal Verbs

a) Will

Se utiliza para el futuro. NO tiene significado alguno como verbo modal. Su función es "futurizar" al verbo principal de una frase.

I will buy it tomorrow. = Lo compraré mañana.

b) Would

Es la forma pasada de Will. Por ello, tampoco tiene significado alguno como verbo modal. Lo que hace es agregar "-ría", "-rían", "-ía", "-ían" al verbo principal de una frase. Se utiliza de manera formal.

Would you like some tea? = ¿Le gustaría algo de té?

c) Can

Tal vez el más conocido de los verbos modales. Significa "Poder" en referencia a la habilidad para hacer algo. Se suele usar de manera informal, aunque también es aceptada en algunos entornos formales.

Can I help you? = ¿Puedo ayudarle?

d) Could

Es el pasado de Can. Se utiliza igual, pero de manera más formal.

Could you speak loud, please? = ¿Podría alzar la voz, por favor?

NOTA.- Todos estos verbos modales NO cambian de forma. Es decir, se conjuga igual para todos los pronombres o sujetos.

C.- Verbos Comunes

Say = Decir

My mother says she's busy = Mi madre dice que está ocupada.

Make = Hacer (obrar, construir)

I make a cup of tea every morning = Yo hago (preparo) una taza de té cada mañana.

Know = Saber, conocer

Do you know the meaning of this word? = ¿Sabes el significado de ésta palabra?

Think = Pensar

What are you thinking about? = ¿En qué piensas?

Use = Usar, utilizar

Jack uses his computer every evening = Jack usa su ordenador cada noche.

Work = Trabajar

Where do you work? = ¿Dónde trabajas?

NOTA.- También significa "Funcionar".

The coffe machine doesn't work = La máquina de café no funciona.

Go = Ir

I go home now = Me voy a casa ahora

Come = Venir

Come to my house = Venir a mi casa

See = Ver (sin prestar atención a algo específico)

When I wake up, I see the ceiling. = Cuando me despierto, veo el techo.

Look = Mirar (con atención)

Look at the board please! = Mirar la pizarra, por favor!

Want = Querer, desear

I want some chocolate = Quiero algo de chocolate.

Like = Gustar

Do you like my car? = ¿Te gusta mi coche?

Give = Dar, entregar

Give me some ideas, please = Dame algunas ideas, por favor

Take = Tomar, coger

They will take a trip = Ellos cogeran un paseo (viaje).

Get = Conseguir, obtener

Did you get the job? = ¿Conseguiste el trabajo?


II.- Pronombres y Posesivos

A.- Pronombres

I       = Yo
You  = Tu
He    = El
She   = Ella
It      = Ello (para animales o cosas)
We   = Nosotros/as
You  = Vosotros/as, ustedes
They = Ellos/as

B.- Possesive Adjective

My    = Mi
Your = Tu, su
His    = Su (masculino)
Her    = Su (femenino)
Its      = Su (animal o cosa)
Our    = Nuestro/a
Your  = Vuestro/a
Their = Su (de ellos/as)

C.- Object Pronouns

Me    = A mí
You  = A tí
Him  = A él
Her   = A ella
It       = A ello
Us     = A nosotros/as
You   = A vosotros/as
Them = A ellos/as

III.- Preposiciones

A.- De Lugar

In = Dentro
On = En, sobre, encima de
At = En
By = Por
Up = Arriba
Out = Fuera
Over = Por encima/sobre de
Back = Detrás
There = Allí, allá

B.- De Tiempo

In.- Se utiliza en partes del día, años, siglos, meses y estaciones.

On.- Se usa con días de la semana y fechas.

At.- Su uso se limita a las horas, la noche y periodos de celebración.

C.- De Movimiento

Into = Dentro, hacia dentro
To = A, hacia

IV.- WH- Questions

What = Qué, cuál
Who = Quién
Which = Cuál (para elegir)
When = Cuándo
How = Cómo

NOTA.- Es importante NO confundir los significados de estas y otras palabras de pregunta.

V.- Palabras para empezar o enlazar frases.

And = Y
With = Con
But = Pero
Or = O
So = Así, por lo tanto
If = Si (condicional)
Then = Luego, entonces
Now = Ahora
Also = También
After = Después
Because = Porque (respuesta de Why)

VI.- Artículos

The = El, la, los, las

Define algo en concreto. Como por ejemplo, algo de lo que ya se habló anteriormente o definiendo el objeto o sujeto.

Did you do the dishes? = ¿Lavaste los platos?

The man in black suit is my brother = El hombre del traje negro es mi hermano.

A, An = Uno, una (igual a una unidad)

He is a doctor = El es un doctor

I have a house in Madrid = Tengo una casa en Madrid

This = Esto/a (cerca)

That = Aquello, aquella, eso esa (lejos)

These = Estos, estas (Plural de This)

VII.- Números

A.- Cardinales

One = Uno
Two = Dos

Estos números se utilizan para la mayoría de las cosas.

B.- Ordinal

First = Primer, primero/a

Los números cardinales se utilizan para fechas y posiciones de competiciones, así como para pisos o plantas de edificios.

VIII.- Palabras confusas

A.- Bien

Well.- Se utiliza como adverbio

John plays very well = John juega muy bien

y para decir como nos sentimos

How are you?
I'm very well, thank you?

Good.- Se usa como adjetivo

John is a good player = John es un buen jugador
Good job! = ¡Buen trabajo!

B.- Sólo

Just.- Se usa para mencionar exactitud

Just in time! = Justo a tiempo

I'm just leaving = Estoy partiendo justo ahora

También significa sólo

I'm just looking =Sólo estoy mirando

Just do it! = ¡Sólo hazlo!

Only.- Se podría decir que es la suma de "One + -ly". Significa sólo, unicaménte, solamente.

Only you = Sólo tú

I'm only joking! = ¡Sólo estoy bromeando!

C.- No

No.- Suele ir al inicio de la frase

No, thank you = No, gracias

Pero también, para negar un sustantivo

I have no money = No tengo (nada de) dinero

Not.- Casi siempre acompaña a un verbo auxiliar o modal. Normalmente se reduce a "n't"

It isn't raining = No está lloviendo

I didn't do it = Yo no lo hice

He couldn't be on time = No pudo llegar a tiempo.

D.- De

From.- Indica procedencia

Mary is from New York = Mary es de New York

I'm coming from the hospital = Yo vengo del hospital

Of = Indica pertenencia

This chair is made of wood = Esta silla está hecha de madera.

The walls of my house are white = Las paredes de mi casa son blancas.

E.- Algo, Nada

Some.- Se utiliza para afirmativo

There are some people in the park = Hay algunas personas en el parque

En algunos casos y con modal verbs, se puede utilizar en preguntas de ofrecimiento.

Would you like some coffee? ¿Le gustaría algo de café?

Any.- Se utiliza para preguntas y frases negativas.

Is there any milk? = ¿Hay algo de leche?

I don't have any car = No tengo (ningún) coche.

IX.- Otras palabras

As = Tan, tanto
All = Todo/a, todos/as
About = Acerca de
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time = Hora,

What time is it? = ¿Qué hora es?

tiempo,

Have a great time! = ¡Que lo pases bien!

vez

I go to the cinema three times a month = Voy al cine tres veces al mes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
People = Gente
Year = Año
Other = Otro/a
Than = Que (comparativo)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Way = Forma,

This is the way I do it = Esta es la forma en la que yo lo hago

camino

Could you tell me the way to the city centre, please? = ¿Me podría decir el camino hacia el centro de la ciudad, por favor?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Even = Aún, aunque
New = Nuevo/a
Day = Día
Most = Mucho/a

sábado, 10 de octubre de 2015

ADVANCED TEST

El siguiente es el primer test de nivel ADVANCED que les presentamos.
Igual que en los anteriores, si quereis las respuestas, podéis solicitarlas por medio de un comentario o via email.

I.- Pronouns

Choose the right pronoun.

1) We're much stronger than (they/them) at football.
2) It's only (we/us), (I/me) and my girlfriend.
3) It is (she/her) that likes sugar in her tea, not (I/me).
4) Nobody could answer except (I/me).
5) It was (he/him) I was talking about.

II.- Present

a) Insert the correct form of the Simple Present or Present Continuous.

1) The sun (shine) now. Let's go out!
2) We always (travel) by plane.
3) John never (come) early.
4) This morning I (have) coffee although I generally (take) tea.
5) In summer, he often (lie) down in the afternoon. He (rest) now. Sometimes, he (fall) asleep.

b) Put in the Present Perfect Simple form of the verbs.

1) The firm (make) good profits this year.
2) Miss Brown (never see) a tv programme.
3) He (wear) a black suit ever since his wife died.
4) Peter (be) in hospital for almost six weeks.
5) The Cathedral (stand) on this spot since the fourteenth century.

c) Put the verb in brackets, in the Present Perfect Continuous.

1) He (play) the same tune for two hours.
2) Sargeant Black (serve) for nearly twenty years.
3) He (live) in this country for many years.
4) The new students (behave) very well so far.
5) Peter (sleep) for ten hours.

III.- Past

a) Supply the correct past forms of the verbs, Simple Past or Past Continuous.

1) Who ___ you (speak) to on the telephone when I (bring) your coffee?
2) I (hear) a sound. Perhaps my brother (talk) in his sleep.
3) What ___ she (want) when she (visit) you yesterday?
4) Where ___ you (live) this time last year?
5) When the ambulance (arrive) the patient (sleep) like a child.

b) Put the Past Perfect.

1) Mary (prepare) our meals on the previous day.
2) It (rain) all the previous week.
3) He lived quietly on a little money she (save) before his retirement.
4) We (finish) our work so we went home.
5) Peter (not arrive) by two o'clock, so I did not wait.

c) Supply the Past Perfect Continuous forms of the verbs.

1) We (try) to solve the mistery for weeks, but we hadn't succeeded.
2) Peter (ask) Mary to marry him for three years before they were engaged.
3) My mother (complain) of pains in her back.
4) The professor (teach) in the university for 40 years.
5) Shakespeare (write) for a number of years before he became really well-known.

IV.- Future

a) Rewrite the verbs in brackets in the Future Tense.

1) Faher (buy) a new car this year.
2) Peter told me that he (not pay) so much for that old hat.
3) I (not refuse) to drink to that toast.
4) Peter (ask) Mary to dance with him.
5) The boys (have) a whole day's holiday on Friday.

b) Put in the correct Future form.

1) Please don't telephone between 2 o'clock and 4 o'clock. I ___ (teach) then.
2) We can't meet before Saturday as I (work) overtime until then.
3) Yes, he ___ (work) late at the office, no doubt.
4) As soon as he arrives, conduct him to the library. A good fire ___ (burn) there soon.
5) If you need my help, please call me. I ___ (watch) TV in the lounge.

c) Insert the correct Future Perfect form.

1) You will find the key under the doormat. I (leave) it there on my way to work.
2) He gets a pension in 1998. He (work) for us for 30 years then.
3) We hope to go to England next year. We (learn) quite a lot of English before then.
4) By the time we come back, we (visit) most places of interest in London.
5) We can call on the manager about 2 o'clock. We (have) lunch by that time.

V.- DO vs. MAKE

1) Will you ___ a favour?
2) ___ up your mind to ___ what is right.
3) He ___ a big mistake in ___ business with such firm.
4) It ___ not ___ to ___ fun of our superiors.
5) That glass of wine has ___ me good.

VI.- Relatives

Add Relatives where necessary.

1) The best play ___ Shakespeare wrote, but ___ I haven't read, is probably "King Lear".
2) It was the Sargeant-Major ___ told me to fetch the rifle ___ I had been practising with.
3) He's the person ___ I meet at the club every day and ___ I've invited home to dinner tonight.
4) I'm just the same ___ I was the day ___ I first met you.
5) All the while ___ I'm working, it's you ___ I'm thinking of.

VII.- THERE IS vs. IT IS.

Add the correct form (Present, Past, Future) of THERE IS and IT IS.

1) ______ a lot of jobs to be done that morning.
2) ______ a time and place for everything.
3) ______ time for your medicine in half an hour.
4) "______ a murder, evidently", said the detective calmly.
5) ______ a fact that he's not at all well.

VIII.- Prepositions and Adverbial particles.

Fill in the blanks.

1) Fifteen punds are allotted ___ us ___ furniture, so we must lay it ___ carefully ___ the purchases we have ___ mind.
2) Poor fellow, he collided ___ a tram ___ his way home ___ work.
3) I am afraid he has fallen ___ love ___ a girl who, although not exactly devoid ___ intelligence, or even deficient __ common sense, is certanly a bit weak ___ the head.
4) I am apt ___ be impatient ___ the efforts ___ people making an attempt ___ something they are not really capable ___ doing.
5) There's no need ___ you to be uncivil ___ me just because you're disgusted ___ my work.


domingo, 14 de septiembre de 2014

INTERMEDIATE TEST

El siguiente es un test para poner a prueba el nivel INTERMEDIO del lector. Para realizarlo, el lector deberá copiar el test y pegarlo en un archivo de WORD o similar.
NOTA.- Si lo desea, puede pedir la solución mediante un comentario o email.

I.- Say which of the following are COUNTABLE or UNCOUNTABLE.

1) Air
2) Book
3) Butter
4) Grass
5) Breath
6) Hair
7) Ink
8) News
9) Glass
10) Onion

II.- Insert the missing POSSESIVES :

1) This doesn't look like ___ book; it must be ___.

2) a.- Tell me, isn't that ___ girlfriend Maisie over there?
     b.-Oh no, she was ___ last week, but ___ dog doesn't like me!

3) I see that he has lost ___ pencil; perhaps you can lend him ___.

4) You can take ___ and give me ___.

III.- Put the given ADVERBS in correct ORDER.

1) She went (to school / at 10 o'clock)

2) He was born (in the year 1923 / at 10 am / on June 14th)

3) They stayed (all day / quietly / there)

4) I like coffee (in the morning / very much)

5) He played (at the Town Hall / last night / beautifully / in the concert)

IV.- Choose the right PRONOUN.

1) a.- Who's there?
     b.- It's only ___(I / me).

2) Let my boyfriend and (I / me) lay a duet.

3) What would you do if you were (he / him).

4) What's the name of (him / he), who came first?

V.- Insert SOME and ANY as required.

1) I want ___ new potatoes; have you ___?

2) I asked him for ___ ink, and he gave me ___:

3) Don't make ___ noise. He wants to get ___ sleep.

4) Have you had ___ tea? I can give you ___.

5) Are there ___ more books?

VI.- PRESENT TENSE

A) Supply the correct PRESENT TENSE.

1) Ships (travel) from Southampton to New York in four or five days.

2) It (be) very cold now.

3) The sun (warm) the air and (give) us light.

4) John (swim) very well, but he (not dive).

5) Wood (float) on water, but iron (not float).

B) Supply the correct PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE.

1) She (do) no homework this month.

2) Our students (progress) very well this term so far.

3) Mary (not buy) a new dress for years.

4) He (wear) a black suit ever since his wife died.

5) Peter (be) in hospital for almost 6 weeks.

C) Put SINCE os FOR.

1) I have been awake ___ three hours. ___ six o'cock.

2) The weather has been very cold ___ Christmas. ___ a month now.

3) We haven't had a swim ___ last summer. ___almost a year.

4) I've been standing here in the rain ___ half an hour. ___ half past four.

5) How long has John been learning English? ___ quite a long time, ___ last summer.

D) Put the verb in brackets in the PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

1) Turn the tv off. The children (watch) for too long time.

2) Mary is learning the piano. She (practise) since breakfast time.

3) John needs a holiday. He (work) too hard.

4) We (travel) for three days and we are still only half a way to London.

5) We (spend) far too much money lately.

VII.- PAST TIME

A) Supply the SIMPLE PAST form

1) John (buy) a second-hand car last week. He (pay) 1000 pounds for it.

2) For breakfast, last Tuesday my sister (make) coffee in a new kind of machine. It (taste) horrible and everyone (spit) it out.

3) They (have) more horses than cars when I (be) young.

4) The lesson (begin) at nine o'clock.

B) Complete the PAST CONTINUOUS form of the following.

1) He (sit) in the garden when the house fell down.

2) I (work) all day yesterday.

3) We (live) in France when the war began.

4) The bus started when I (get) on.

5) I took another cake when you (not look).

C) Put the PAST PERFECT.

1) Mary (prepare) our meals on the previous day.

2) We couldn't play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week.

3) He lived quietly on little money he (save) before his retirement.

4) We (finish) our work, so we went home.

D) Supply the PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS form.

1) It (rain) for days on end and everything was soaked.

2) She still couldn't sing although she (take) lessons for years.

3) They (lose) money for quite a long time.

4) We (wait) for more than an hour.

5) They said I (worry) about business too much and needed a rest.

VII.- Put SHALL or WILL.

1) I ___ help you tomorrow.

2) We ___ never leave our friends who need us.

3) They ___ receive the freedom of the city.

4) Mary ___ come to my wedding. I ___ invite her at once.

5) I ___ pay my account at the end of the month.

IX.- Complete the following sentences with DO or MAKE.

1) He ___ a lot of money last year.

2) I always ___ my best.

3) It has nothing to ___ with you.

4) He ___ a lot of business with us.

5) Have you ___ your homework?

X.- INTERROGATIVES

A) Add the queston word.

1) ___ pencil is this? Is it yours?

2) ___ are you doing tonight?

3) ___ is singing in the next room?

4) ___ room is the largest?

5) ___ is wrong?

B) Turn the following statements into questions.

1) My father has taken the newspaper.

2) Montblanc is the biggest mountain in the Alpes.

3) The boy learned many subjects at school.

4) They want to go out.

5) That house is mine.

C) Add the missing word

1) We don't know ___ she has gone.

2) Can you tell me ___ this box is so heavy?

3) I remember ___ you were a little girl.

4) Show me ___ this machine works.

5) Did anyone see ___ way Jane went?

XI.- Add the correct form of THERE IS o IT IS.

1) _____ no one at home when I called for him.

2) _____ no place like home.

3) _____ hard to decide what was the best thing to do.

4) _____ no time for tea if we don't hurry.

5) _____ so much work to get through this morning that I haven't had time  think about the questions.

XII.- Put in suitable PREPOSITIONs.

1) Wait ___ me ___ the bus stop!

2) We had to go ___ the hill ___ a little house ___ the top.

3) Read ___ line 10 ___ line 20 ___ page.

4) Do you want to speak ___ me ___ anything?

5) You can cut the apple ___ two __ this knife.

domingo, 26 de agosto de 2012

FIRST CERTIFICATE

El FIRST CERTIFICATE es uno de los certificados más importantes y más solicitados por personas que necesitan acreditar su nivel de Inglés por diversos motivos. Uno de ellos está relacionado con el Curriculum Vitae.
En ésta ocasión aplicaremos algunos "trucos" o "estrategias" para obtener el FIRST CERTIFICATE.

NOTA: Este apartado solo es de ayuda para una mejor comprensión de la gramática. El alumno
             deberá además estudiar todos y cada uno de los puntos indicados, por su cuenta o con la
             ayuda de un profesor.
             Algunos de los puntos ya han sido tratados en este mismo blog, por lo que sólo serán
             mencionados.
             Sólo trataremos una pequeña selección de temas gramaticales de todo lo que exige el
             FIRST CERTIFICATE.

1.- ADJECTIVES (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

2.- ARTICLES (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

3.- CONDITIONALS .- El CONDICIONAL se forma de la siguiente manera:
       
   a) Condicional de Probabilidad.- 

If you finish work early, we shall go to the theatre

NOTA: Este tipo de Condicional se usa para mencionar asuntos que son probables o
posibles de suceder.

b) Condicional de No Probabilidad.-

If I were rich, I would buy a fine house

NOTA.- Aqui se señalan las situaciones que son muy difíciles o imposibles de suceder.

c) Zero Conditional.- If I had saved my money, I would not be poor now

4.-ELECCIÓN.- Para elegir entre 2 o más opciones, utilizamos :

a) Either .... or .- Este se utiliza para elegir entre 2 opciones. Ejemplo:

We are going either to the theatre or to the cinema

b) Neither ... nor .- Es la forma negativa del primero. Ejemplo:

My father speaks neither Italian, nor French

5.- TIEMPOS VERBALES .- Es muy importante estar familiarizado con los tiempos verbales,
      porque constituyen una parte muy importante de todo idioma.

      a) SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE :- Se usa en acciones cotidianas y/o actuales.

I go to the university

He plays the guitar

TRUCO/ESTRATEGIA.- 1) Conocer la fórmula : S+VERBO PRAL+COMPLEMENTO

   2) Todos los verbos conjugados en la 3ª persona del singular
  llevan "S" o "ES". Ejemplo:

John plays the guitar
     
Mr. Brown teaches Maths.

3) En preguntas y negaciones, utilizamos DO - DOES.
(leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

       b) PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

       c) PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

       d) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

       e) SIMPLE PAST TENSE.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

       f) PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

       g) PAST PERFECT TENSE.- Se utiliza para indicar lo sucedido en un cierto periodo de tiempo pasado.

We had finished our work, so we went home

Our guests had met before, so we didn't need to introduce them to one
each other

La fórmula es : S + HAD + Verbo Pral en Pasado + Complemento

TRUCO/ESTRATEGIA.- 1) "HAD" se mantiene siempre igual sea cual
sea el sujeto.

2) Atención especial al pretérito del verbo

h) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.- Para mencionar acciones que
se sucedian repetidamente
utilizamos este tiempo verbal.

I had been studying for months

We had been waiting for more than 30 minutes for a bus

TRUCO/ESTRATEGIA.- 1) "HAD" y "BEEN" no cambia de forma con el  sujeto

2) Podriamos traducir "Had+Been" como "Haber+Sido/Estado"

3) "For" equivaldría en este caso a "Durante"

i) FUTURE TENSE.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)
6.-NOUNS.- Los SUSTANTIVOS pueden ser contables o no. Para estos casos utilizamos
"A" o "AN".
También existe el "Sustantivo Verbal", es decir el que utiliza un verbo como
base principal. Ejemplos:

He went to prison for stealing

A life of working without any play, becomes very dull

NOTA: Debemos prestar atención a la posición del sustantivo para no confundirlo con el verbo principal.

TRUCO/ESTRATEGIA.- Podemos traducir este tipo de sustantivo como un verbo en su
forma infinitiva.

7.- QUESTIONS.- (leer articulo completo en este mismo blog)

8.- RELATIVE PRONOUNS.- Los "Pronombres Relativos" tienen algo que ver con las "WH Questions".

WHO = Personas, tanto en singular como plural
WHOM = Traducido "A Quien" o "Con Quien"
WHICH = Se usa para objetos
THAT = Para personas y objetos tanto en singular como en plural
WHOSE = Posesivo utilizado en personas

Mary is the girl WHO married Peter's brother

Children WHOSE behaviour is bad, may be punished

I ordered a meal THAT didn't cost too much

NOTA : "THAT" se puede utilizar en casi todos los casos excepto cuando el pronombre relativo es WHOSE.

TRUCO/ESTRATEGIA.- Conocer el significado de las WH Questions nos ayudará a
utilizar los RELATIVE PRONOUNS

9.- PREPOSITIONS.- Las PREPOSICIONES se usan en muchas situaciones.Sería algo extenso
tratarlas una a una. Por ello, sólo nombraremos las principales.

a) TIME.- Este tipo de preposiciones se utilizan para nombrar un espacio de tiempo determinado.

IN = Para siglos(18th century), años(1988), meses(january), partes del dia(morning..)
y estaciones(Spring)
ON= Dias de la semana, fechas señaladas, fechas completas((May 12 1990)

AT= Horas (3 O'clock, etc), NIGHT y MIDNIGHT

b) PLACE.- Estas Preposiciones se refieren a la posición de algo/alguien en un espacio.

IN = Indica algo que está en el INTERIOR.

The cat is IN the box

ON = Esto denomina algo que está SOBRE.

The cup is ON the table

AT = Sirve para indicar un objeto/persona que se encuentra en un lugar abierto o
no concreto.

I am AT home

He is AT work

BY = Nos señala que el objeto/persona está muy cerca de algo

The dog is over there, by the window.

IN FRONT OF = No confundir con su traducción literal. Esto indica "delante".

My car is IN FRONT OF the Bank.

BEHIND = Su significado es "detrás"

Your keys are BEHIND the door

10.- VERBS.- (leer diversos posts acerca de los diversos tipos de verbos en este mismo blog)


domingo, 24 de octubre de 2010

PRONOUNS

1.- Personal Pronouns

a) Subject Pronouns.- Son sencillamente, los sujetos o pronombres.

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

Ejemplos :

- I am / I'm a doctor.
- You will miss the train.
- He doesn't study enough.
   ........etc.


b) Object Pronouns.- Son aquellos a los que se dirige o centra la acción.

Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them

Ejemplos :

- Tell me the truth.
- I'll call you later.
- Could you show him his room?
   ..........etc.

2.- Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

a) Possessive Adjectives.- Son los que van siempre acompañados por la posesión.

My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their

Ejemplos :

- My sister is a nurse.
- Your house is big.
- This is our car.
   ......etc.

b) Possessive Pronouns.- A diferencia del anterior, estos NO llevan el objeto o persona que se posee.

Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs

Ejemplos :

- This bag is mine.
- That book is yours.
- That is not our house. Ours is at the end of the street.
   .......etc.

3.- Reflexive Pronouns.- Son aquellos que se combinan con la palabra "mismo".

Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves

Ejemplos :

- Everything I do, I do it by myself.
- She hurt herself when she was cooking.
- Help yourself, please.
   ......etc.

4.- El Apostrofe "S".

El apostrofe "'S" denota la propiedad de alguien. Sólo se coloca en personas y en algunos casos animales. NO se coloca en objetos que "posean"  tengan otros objetos.

Ejemplos :

a) McDonald's Restaurant.


b) Beethoven's fifth symphony.


c) John's friend / brother / house...


* Errores comunes :

- The wall's house (Mal)
- The walls of the house (Bien)

- The car's keys (Mal)
- The car keys (Bien)


NOTA : No debe ser confundido con la contracción "'S" en las conjugaciones de los verbos auxiliares TO BE y HAVE, en la tercera persona del singular.

Ejemplos :

a) He's an actor = He is an actor.


b) She's got a new car = She has got a new car.





domingo, 13 de septiembre de 2009

READING - THE BEATLES

LIVERPOOL is a big industrial city in the north-west of ENGLAND. It is famous for its port and its football clubs too. It is also famous because the members of a very important group, THE BEATLES, are from here.
JOHN WINSTON LENNON is born in LIVERPOOL on october 9th 1940. His father and mother separate when he is very young and JOHN goes to live with his aunt MIMI (sister of his mother) and uncle GEORGE.
In 1956 his aunt MIMI buys him a guitar. He forms the group QUARRYMEN with friends at school.
In 1957 a friend at school introduces JOHN to PAUL McCARTNEY. At the end of the year PAUL introduces JOHN to another student, GEORGE HARRISON.
Between 1957 and 1958 they play in Dance Halls and Clubs in LIVERPOOL.
At the end of 1958 JOHN introduces STUART SUTCLIFFE to the group. They change their name to THE SILVER BEATLES.
In 1959 they meet ALAN WILLIAMS, a concert promotor. WILLIAMS organises a tour of HAMBURG, WEST GERMANY, in 1960 with a new member PETE BEST.
The night before the first show, the HAMBURG police discover that GEORGE is not eighteen years old and order him to leave GERMANY. GEORGE goes to ENGLAND ad JOHN, PAUL, STUART and PETE return in december.
In 1961 they begin to play at the Cavern Club in LIVERPOOL. In june they make their first record MY BONNIE with TONY SHERIDAN.
One day BRIAN EPSTEIN the editor of an important music magazine, goes to the Cavern and hears THE BEATLES. After three or four visits he is their manager.
In october 1962 PARLOPHONE RECORD COMPANY accepts their first single. RINGO STARR plays with them. On the 4th november their first song LOVE ME DO is in the charts.
In 1963 they record another single PLEASE, PLEASE ME and the album WITH THE BEATLES.
In 1964 they go to U.S.A. on tour. They return to ENGLAND and make their first film A HARD DAY'S NIGHT.
In 1965 the UK Government gives them the MBE.
In 1966 they record their new lp REVOLVER.
In 1967 they make their second film HELP, and they record the lp SERGEANT PEPPER'S LONELY HEARTS CLUB BAND. People start to say that THE BEATLES are interested in drugs. And many people study the words of the songs, for example LUCY IN THE SKY WITH DIAMONDS (LSD).
In 1967 they make the peace song ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE. In september, BRIAN EPSTEIN dies. Soon after, they make the film MAGICAL MISTERY TOUR. In december they form APPLE, the BEATLES' recording company.
In 1968 they go to INDIA to see MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI and they study oriental religions.
There are problems in the group. JOHN makes a record separately with YOKO ONO. APPLE has financial problems.
In 1969 APPLE records many songs but releases them in 1970 in the lp LET IT BE. The group makes a film of the same name. In august THE BEATLES make their last album together.
At the beginning of 1970, McCARTNEY abandons the group and JOHN, GEORGE and RINGO begin individual careers. PAUL forms a new group PAUL McCARTNEY and the WINGS. JOHN makes two famous albums, IMAGINE and DOUBLE FANTASY. GEORGE makes MY SWEET LORD and RINGO makes YOU'RE SIXTEEN.
On december 8th 1980 LENNON is assassinated in NEW YORK. In 1985 his son JULIAN LENNON makes the song IT'S MUCH TOO LATE FOR GOODBYE.
Today many years after the end of the group, everybody recognises them as the most important group in the history of Modern POP and ROCK 'N' ROLL music.

NOTA : Para una mejor comprensión de esta lectura, tendremos en cuenta la GRAMÁTICA
y el VOCABULARIO :

                                                                        GRAMÁTICA :

PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS

Se utilizan para indicar la pertenencia o posesión de algunos objetos, personas o cosas. Son los siguientes :

I - My (mi)
YOU - Your (tu/su)
HE - His (su masculino)
SHE - her (su femenino)
IT - Its (sin apóstrofe) (su- objeto, animal)
WE - Our (nuestro)
YOU - Your (vuestro)
They - Their (su - ellos)

                                                                        DO  -  DOES

Verbo auxiliar utilizado en el tiempo presente.

NOTA : Para formar el presente podemos seguir la siguiente fórmula:

SUJETO + VERBO PRINCIPAL + COMPLEMENTO

Ejemplo :

* LIVERPOOL is a big industrial city

DO -DOES se conjuga de la siguiente manera:

I - DO
YOU - DO
HE/SHE/IT - DOES
WE/YOU/THEY - DO

Se utiliza tanto como verbo principal, como también verbo auxiliar.
Como verbo principal significa HACER. No confundir con el verbo MAKE que quiere decir CONSTRUIR.
Como auxiliar se utiliza tanto en preguntas y negaciones donde NO se use el verbo TO BE. Ejemplos :

* Do you speak ENGLISH?
(du iú spík ínglish)
No, I don't
(no ái dont)

* Does he play the piano?
(das ji pléi de piano?)
Yes, he does
(iés ji das)

Don't es la suma de DO + NOT. Nótese también que DON'T niega tanto el verbo como el COMPLEMENTO de la pregunta.
DOES se utiliza ÚNICAMENTE para la tercera persona del singular.
Cuando afirmamos, no usamos los verbos auxiliares pero :

* I speak ENGLISH

* He plays the piano

IMPORTANTE : En la 3ra persona del singular, en AFIRMACIONES, los verbos principales
SIEMPRE llevan "S" al final.
TRUCO : Recordar este último punto.

VOCABULARIO

1.- To introduce = presentar a (alguien)
2.- Discover = descubrir
3.- Leave = abandonar, dejar
4.- Hear = oir
5.- Listen = escuchar (con atención)
6.- Return = retornar
7.- MBE = Member of the British Empire = Miembro del Imperio Británico
8.- To Die = morir
9.- Assassinate = asesinar
10.- Recognise = reconocer
11.- Aunt = tia
12.- Uncle = tio