Este tiempo se utiliza para expresar algo que ocurrió en el pasado, y que continua o tiene repercusión en el presente. Las noticias recientes (Latest news) y biografías son buenos ejemplos de su uso.
1.- FÓRMULA
Su fórmula es :
SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + PASADO PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO IRREGULAR / VERBOS REGULARES ACABADOS EN -ED + COMPLEMENTO
Ejemplo :
- I have lived here for a long time.
- France has been a republic for many years.
2.- VERBO AUXILIAR "HAVE"
Se utiliza HAVE/HAS de acuerdo al sujeto que lo precede.
Para ello debemos conocer la conjugación del verbo HAVE.
I have
YOU have
HE/SHE/IT has
WE have
YOU have
THEY have
3.- VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES
A) Cuando el verbo es REGULAR, se siguen las normas para convertir
dicho tipo de verbos en el pasado.
Work - Worked
Study - Studied
Stop - Stopped
B) Si el verbo es IRREGULAR, se utilizan los que aparecen en la
3ª columna de las listas de verbos irregulares. Es decir,
el pasado participio (Past Participle) del verbo irregular.
Ejemplos:
- Be - Been
- Speak - Spoken
- Do - Done
- Write - Written
TRUCO : Para una mejor comprensión en la traducción/interpretación, podemos
concluir que "have / has" es el equivalente al verbo "haber".
Ejemplo :
- Yo he vivido aquí durante mucho tiempo.
- Francia ha sido una república durante muchos años.
Para preguntas cuya respuesta implique "si / no" (yes / no), simplemente cambiamos de lugar, el sujeto y "have / has".
- Have you lived here for a long time?
- Has France been a republic for many years?
En cuanto a las negaciones, se coloca "not" o "n't" a "have / has".
Ejemplo :
- I have not/haven't lived here for a long time.
- France has not/hasn't been a republic for many years.
4.- SINCE, FOR
En los tiempos perfectos, muchas veces se utilizan "since" y "for". Si buscamos en el diccionario, su significado será, "desde" o "durante".
A) SINCE se utiliza para marcar el inicio de una acción en el pasado.
- I haven't seen Peter since last saturday
El sujeto indica que no ha visto a Peter desde el pasado sábado.
B) FOR se usa para indicar periodos de tiempo completos o casi completos
hasta el instante de mencionar el hecho.
- I have waited for an hour exactly.
- The weather has been very warm for a week now.
En el primer ejemplo vemos que el sujeto ha calculado el tiempo exactamente.
NOTA.- A menudo se utiliza la pregunta "How long" en este tiempo verbal, lo que provoca el uso de "for" y "since" en la respuesta.
Ejemplo:
- How long have you worked here? - I have worked here for five years. / Since 1990.
5.- ALREADY, YET, JUST, STILL
a) Already, Yet
Ambos significan "ya". Varían en su ubicación en la frase. "Already" suele ir delante del verbo principal en participio y "Yet" al final de la frase.
Ejemplo:
- I have / I've already done my homework.
- The film hasn't started yet.
b) Just
Se utiliza cuando la acción acaba de realizarse recientemente.
Ejemplo:
- Peter has just arrived from work.
c) Still
Significa "aún" o "todavía". Suele estar ubicado antes del verbo auxiliar "have /has".
Ejemplo:
- I still haven't found my keys.
6.- HAVE EVER / NEVER
Es una forma que indica si la acción se ha realizado (o no) alguna vez en la vida de una persona, animal o cosa.
Ejemplo:
- Have you ever been to London?
- My dog has never been dangerous.
- That is the best idea you have ever had.
- Has your computer ever been repaired?
Desde 06/09/2009
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INTERMEDIATE TEST
El siguiente es un test para poner a prueba el nivel INTERMEDIO del lector. Para realizarlo, el lector deberá copiar el test y pegarlo en un archivo de WORD o similar.
NOTA.- Si lo desea, puede pedir la solución mediante un comentario o email.
I.- Say which of the following are COUNTABLE or UNCOUNTABLE.
1) Air
2) Book
3) Butter
4) Grass
5) Breath
6) Hair
7) Ink
8) News
9) Glass
10) Onion
II.- Insert the missing POSSESIVES :
1) This doesn't look like ___ book; it must be ___.
2) a.- Tell me, isn't that ___ girlfriend Maisie over there?
b.-Oh no, she was ___ last week, but ___ dog doesn't like me!
3) I see that he has lost ___ pencil; perhaps you can lend him ___.
4) You can take ___ and give me ___.
III.- Put the given ADVERBS in correct ORDER.
1) She went (to school / at 10 o'clock)
2) He was born (in the year 1923 / at 10 am / on June 14th)
3) They stayed (all day / quietly / there)
4) I like coffee (in the morning / very much)
5) He played (at the Town Hall / last night / beautifully / in the concert)
IV.- Choose the right PRONOUN.
1) a.- Who's there?
b.- It's only ___(I / me).
2) Let my boyfriend and (I / me) lay a duet.
3) What would you do if you were (he / him).
4) What's the name of (him / he), who came first?
V.- Insert SOME and ANY as required.
1) I want ___ new potatoes; have you ___?
2) I asked him for ___ ink, and he gave me ___:
3) Don't make ___ noise. He wants to get ___ sleep.
4) Have you had ___ tea? I can give you ___.
5) Are there ___ more books?
VI.- PRESENT TENSE
A) Supply the correct PRESENT TENSE.
1) Ships (travel) from Southampton to New York in four or five days.
2) It (be) very cold now.
3) The sun (warm) the air and (give) us light.
4) John (swim) very well, but he (not dive).
5) Wood (float) on water, but iron (not float).
B) Supply the correct PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE.
1) She (do) no homework this month.
2) Our students (progress) very well this term so far.
3) Mary (not buy) a new dress for years.
4) He (wear) a black suit ever since his wife died.
5) Peter (be) in hospital for almost 6 weeks.
C) Put SINCE os FOR.
1) I have been awake ___ three hours. ___ six o'cock.
2) The weather has been very cold ___ Christmas. ___ a month now.
3) We haven't had a swim ___ last summer. ___almost a year.
4) I've been standing here in the rain ___ half an hour. ___ half past four.
5) How long has John been learning English? ___ quite a long time, ___ last summer.
D) Put the verb in brackets in the PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
1) Turn the tv off. The children (watch) for too long time.
2) Mary is learning the piano. She (practise) since breakfast time.
3) John needs a holiday. He (work) too hard.
4) We (travel) for three days and we are still only half a way to London.
5) We (spend) far too much money lately.
VII.- PAST TIME
A) Supply the SIMPLE PAST form
1) John (buy) a second-hand car last week. He (pay) 1000 pounds for it.
2) For breakfast, last Tuesday my sister (make) coffee in a new kind of machine. It (taste) horrible and everyone (spit) it out.
3) They (have) more horses than cars when I (be) young.
4) The lesson (begin) at nine o'clock.
B) Complete the PAST CONTINUOUS form of the following.
1) He (sit) in the garden when the house fell down.
2) I (work) all day yesterday.
3) We (live) in France when the war began.
4) The bus started when I (get) on.
5) I took another cake when you (not look).
C) Put the PAST PERFECT.
1) Mary (prepare) our meals on the previous day.
2) We couldn't play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week.
3) He lived quietly on little money he (save) before his retirement.
4) We (finish) our work, so we went home.
D) Supply the PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS form.
1) It (rain) for days on end and everything was soaked.
2) She still couldn't sing although she (take) lessons for years.
3) They (lose) money for quite a long time.
4) We (wait) for more than an hour.
5) They said I (worry) about business too much and needed a rest.
VII.- Put SHALL or WILL.
1) I ___ help you tomorrow.
2) We ___ never leave our friends who need us.
3) They ___ receive the freedom of the city.
4) Mary ___ come to my wedding. I ___ invite her at once.
5) I ___ pay my account at the end of the month.
IX.- Complete the following sentences with DO or MAKE.
1) He ___ a lot of money last year.
2) I always ___ my best.
3) It has nothing to ___ with you.
4) He ___ a lot of business with us.
5) Have you ___ your homework?
X.- INTERROGATIVES
A) Add the queston word.
1) ___ pencil is this? Is it yours?
2) ___ are you doing tonight?
3) ___ is singing in the next room?
4) ___ room is the largest?
5) ___ is wrong?
B) Turn the following statements into questions.
1) My father has taken the newspaper.
2) Montblanc is the biggest mountain in the Alpes.
3) The boy learned many subjects at school.
4) They want to go out.
5) That house is mine.
C) Add the missing word
1) We don't know ___ she has gone.
2) Can you tell me ___ this box is so heavy?
3) I remember ___ you were a little girl.
4) Show me ___ this machine works.
5) Did anyone see ___ way Jane went?
XI.- Add the correct form of THERE IS o IT IS.
1) _____ no one at home when I called for him.
2) _____ no place like home.
3) _____ hard to decide what was the best thing to do.
4) _____ no time for tea if we don't hurry.
5) _____ so much work to get through this morning that I haven't had time think about the questions.
XII.- Put in suitable PREPOSITIONs.
1) Wait ___ me ___ the bus stop!
2) We had to go ___ the hill ___ a little house ___ the top.
3) Read ___ line 10 ___ line 20 ___ page.
4) Do you want to speak ___ me ___ anything?
5) You can cut the apple ___ two __ this knife.
NOTA.- Si lo desea, puede pedir la solución mediante un comentario o email.
I.- Say which of the following are COUNTABLE or UNCOUNTABLE.
1) Air
2) Book
3) Butter
4) Grass
5) Breath
6) Hair
7) Ink
8) News
9) Glass
10) Onion
II.- Insert the missing POSSESIVES :
1) This doesn't look like ___ book; it must be ___.
2) a.- Tell me, isn't that ___ girlfriend Maisie over there?
b.-Oh no, she was ___ last week, but ___ dog doesn't like me!
3) I see that he has lost ___ pencil; perhaps you can lend him ___.
4) You can take ___ and give me ___.
III.- Put the given ADVERBS in correct ORDER.
1) She went (to school / at 10 o'clock)
2) He was born (in the year 1923 / at 10 am / on June 14th)
3) They stayed (all day / quietly / there)
4) I like coffee (in the morning / very much)
5) He played (at the Town Hall / last night / beautifully / in the concert)
IV.- Choose the right PRONOUN.
1) a.- Who's there?
b.- It's only ___(I / me).
2) Let my boyfriend and (I / me) lay a duet.
3) What would you do if you were (he / him).
4) What's the name of (him / he), who came first?
V.- Insert SOME and ANY as required.
1) I want ___ new potatoes; have you ___?
2) I asked him for ___ ink, and he gave me ___:
3) Don't make ___ noise. He wants to get ___ sleep.
4) Have you had ___ tea? I can give you ___.
5) Are there ___ more books?
VI.- PRESENT TENSE
A) Supply the correct PRESENT TENSE.
1) Ships (travel) from Southampton to New York in four or five days.
2) It (be) very cold now.
3) The sun (warm) the air and (give) us light.
4) John (swim) very well, but he (not dive).
5) Wood (float) on water, but iron (not float).
B) Supply the correct PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE.
1) She (do) no homework this month.
2) Our students (progress) very well this term so far.
3) Mary (not buy) a new dress for years.
4) He (wear) a black suit ever since his wife died.
5) Peter (be) in hospital for almost 6 weeks.
C) Put SINCE os FOR.
1) I have been awake ___ three hours. ___ six o'cock.
2) The weather has been very cold ___ Christmas. ___ a month now.
3) We haven't had a swim ___ last summer. ___almost a year.
4) I've been standing here in the rain ___ half an hour. ___ half past four.
5) How long has John been learning English? ___ quite a long time, ___ last summer.
D) Put the verb in brackets in the PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
1) Turn the tv off. The children (watch) for too long time.
2) Mary is learning the piano. She (practise) since breakfast time.
3) John needs a holiday. He (work) too hard.
4) We (travel) for three days and we are still only half a way to London.
5) We (spend) far too much money lately.
VII.- PAST TIME
A) Supply the SIMPLE PAST form
1) John (buy) a second-hand car last week. He (pay) 1000 pounds for it.
2) For breakfast, last Tuesday my sister (make) coffee in a new kind of machine. It (taste) horrible and everyone (spit) it out.
3) They (have) more horses than cars when I (be) young.
4) The lesson (begin) at nine o'clock.
B) Complete the PAST CONTINUOUS form of the following.
1) He (sit) in the garden when the house fell down.
2) I (work) all day yesterday.
3) We (live) in France when the war began.
4) The bus started when I (get) on.
5) I took another cake when you (not look).
C) Put the PAST PERFECT.
1) Mary (prepare) our meals on the previous day.
2) We couldn't play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week.
3) He lived quietly on little money he (save) before his retirement.
4) We (finish) our work, so we went home.
D) Supply the PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS form.
1) It (rain) for days on end and everything was soaked.
2) She still couldn't sing although she (take) lessons for years.
3) They (lose) money for quite a long time.
4) We (wait) for more than an hour.
5) They said I (worry) about business too much and needed a rest.
VII.- Put SHALL or WILL.
1) I ___ help you tomorrow.
2) We ___ never leave our friends who need us.
3) They ___ receive the freedom of the city.
4) Mary ___ come to my wedding. I ___ invite her at once.
5) I ___ pay my account at the end of the month.
IX.- Complete the following sentences with DO or MAKE.
1) He ___ a lot of money last year.
2) I always ___ my best.
3) It has nothing to ___ with you.
4) He ___ a lot of business with us.
5) Have you ___ your homework?
X.- INTERROGATIVES
A) Add the queston word.
1) ___ pencil is this? Is it yours?
2) ___ are you doing tonight?
3) ___ is singing in the next room?
4) ___ room is the largest?
5) ___ is wrong?
B) Turn the following statements into questions.
1) My father has taken the newspaper.
2) Montblanc is the biggest mountain in the Alpes.
3) The boy learned many subjects at school.
4) They want to go out.
5) That house is mine.
C) Add the missing word
1) We don't know ___ she has gone.
2) Can you tell me ___ this box is so heavy?
3) I remember ___ you were a little girl.
4) Show me ___ this machine works.
5) Did anyone see ___ way Jane went?
XI.- Add the correct form of THERE IS o IT IS.
1) _____ no one at home when I called for him.
2) _____ no place like home.
3) _____ hard to decide what was the best thing to do.
4) _____ no time for tea if we don't hurry.
5) _____ so much work to get through this morning that I haven't had time think about the questions.
XII.- Put in suitable PREPOSITIONs.
1) Wait ___ me ___ the bus stop!
2) We had to go ___ the hill ___ a little house ___ the top.
3) Read ___ line 10 ___ line 20 ___ page.
4) Do you want to speak ___ me ___ anything?
5) You can cut the apple ___ two __ this knife.
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